![]() The secession of the Baltic states was recognized in September 1991. The turmoil led to the government in Moscow losing most of its influence, and many republics proclaiming independence in the following days and months. In August 1991, communist hardliners and military elites tried to overthrow Gorbachev and stop the failing reforms in a coup, but failed. Lithuania was the first republic to declare full independence restored from the Soviet Union by the Act of 11 March 1990 with its Baltic neighbors and the Southern Caucasus republic of Georgia joining it over the next two months. Estonia was the first Soviet republic to declare state sovereignty inside the Union on 16 November 1988. The process began with growing unrest in the Union's various constituent national republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between them and the central government. Gorbachev resigned in December 1991 and what was left of the Soviet parliament voted to end itself. Eight more republics joined their declaration shortly thereafter. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics already departing the Union and the waning of centralized power, the leaders of three of its founding members declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of 15 top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. It brought an end to General Secretary (later also President) Mikhail Gorbachev's effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. ![]() The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full independence on 26 December 1991. The United States becomes the world's sole superpower.The People's Republic of China becomes the last major communist state in the world following economic reforms.Decline of communist movements around the world. ![]()
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